Build your desktop application using Tkinter

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Use tkinter to build your first GUI application very quickly.  What you'll learn;   ðŸ”° Build windows applications  ðŸ”° Learn how to use GUI with python  ðŸ”° Learn how to use Tkinter library  ðŸ”° Transform an idea to an app  ðŸ”° Using some sqlite  ðŸ”° Using the pillow library  ðŸ”° Import pictures in an application  ðŸ”° Convert pictures from png to jpg  ðŸ”° Convert picture from jpg to png Link : https://www.udemy.com/course/build-your-first-desktop-application-using-tkinter/?couponCode=FGPTKINTER Enjoy! 
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Linux Basics for the Aspiring Ethical Hacker, Episode 5 (Networking)

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Welcome back! Today, I'm offering this guide on Linux networking.

I assume that you understand a small amount of networking concepts, things like IP addresses, MAC addresses, DNS, DHCP, etc. If not, please take some time to pick up a few networking basics in my previous articles on networking. 


Step 1Analyzing Networks

The most basic linux command for analyzing networks is ifconfig. It's very similar to the Windows command ipconfig. Let's take a look at it.

  • sudo ifconfig


As you can see in this screenshot, ifconfig conveys a significant amount of information to the user. In the very first line, we see to the far left eth0. This is the first wired network connection, ethernet 0 (Linux usually starts counting at 0).

Following this, we see the type of network being used (Ethernet) and the hardware address (this is the globally unique address stamped on every piece of network hardware, in this case the NIC).


The second line then contains information of the IP address, in this case, 192.168.234.129, the broadcast address (the address to send out information to all IPs on the subnet), and finally the network mask (this is the info on what part of the IP address is network and which part is hosts). There is a lot more technical info there, but it's beyond the scope of a Linux basics tutorial.

If we look down below to what appears to be a second paragraph, we see the start of another paragraph with lo to the far left.


This is the loopback address or localhost. This is the address of the machine you're working on if you simply wanted to test something like a website. It generally is represented with the IP address 127.0.0.1


Step 2Changing IP Addresses

Changing IP addresses can be fairly simple in Linux. Remember that in most cases, you're going to have a dynamically assigned address from a DHCP server. In some cases, you may need to reassign the address, especially if you're pentesting. This can be useful in spoofing IP address.

We can do this by using the ifconfig command with the interface we want to assign the IP to and the IP address we want. Such as:

  • sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.115

Now, when we type sudo ifconfig eth0, we can see that our IP address has changed to the new IP address.


We can also change the netmask and broadcast address, if necessary, such as:

  • ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.115 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255


Step 3DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Linux has a DHCP server that runs a daeman called dhcpd. It's this DHCP server that assigns IP addresses to all the systems on the subnet. It also keeps logs files of which machines had which IP addresses at which time. It's this log that is often used to trace hackers in a forensic analysis after an attack.

When I want to be assigned a new address from the DHCP server, I can simply call the server with the command dhclient (different Linux distros use different DHCP clients, but kali is Debian-derived Linuxwhich uses dhclient), like this:

  • sudo dhclient

As you can see, the dhclient command sends out DHCPDISCOVER request from the default NIC. It then gets an offer (DHCPOFFER) of 192.168.234.100 from the DHCP server, then confirms the IP assignment to the DHCP server. Now, if we type ifconfig, we can see that the DHCP server has assigned a new IP address.



Step 4DNS (Domain Name Service)

DNS, or Domain Name Services, is the service that enables us to type in a domain name like www.google.com, which it then translates to the appropriate IP address. Without it, we would all have to remember thousands of IP addresses of our favourite websites (no small task even for a savant).

One of the most useful commands for information gathering is dig, which is the equivalent of nslookup in Windows, but offers us much more information on the domain. For instance, we dig google.com, it will display the name server for google.com.

  • dig google.com 


The most common Linux DNS server is the Berkeley Internet Name Domain, or BIND. In some cases, Linux users will often refer to DNS as BIND, so don't be confused. DNS or BIND simply maps individual domain names to IP addresses.

That's it guys... Catch up in the next tutorial. 

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